This course provides an introduction to fundamental ecological principles and their applications in natural and agricultural systems. Students will explore ecological concepts at multiple levels—population, community, ecosystem, and global—while examining how these processes are shaped by evolutionary forces and human activities.

Key topics include population dynamics, species interactions, community structure, ecosystem processes, biodiversity conservation, and ecological behaviors. The course also introduces agroecology and sustainable farming practices as applied extensions of ecological theory.

Through lectures, case studies, and practical field and laboratory sessions, students will develop skills in ecological measurement, data analysis, critical evaluation of ecological research, and effective scientific communication. By the end of the course, students will be able to apply ecological knowledge to address biodiversity loss, climate change, and sustainability challenges in both natural and managed ecosystems.